For example, we all accept that computers can be used for the input, storage, processing, and output of data. They do, however, help us to discuss the design of an educational system as well as current and potential uses of computers. However, in no sense do these four terms define some sort of linear equal-interval scale. The terms Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom are sometimes presented in a form that suggests a scale. So wisdom is a subset of knowledge, which is a subset of information, which is a subset of data. Also, wisdom is knowledge, which in turn is information, which in turn is data, but, for example, knowledge is not necessarily wisdom. The following is quoted from Jacques Steyn's Website: Information consists of data, but data is not necessarily information. Various people have thought carefully about varying definitions of these four terms and produced their own analysis of the four terms. an opinion that almost everyone seems to share or express.accumulated knowledge of life or in a particular sphere of activity that has been gained through experience.the knowledge and experience needed to make sensible decisions and judgments, or the good sense shown by the decisions and judgments made.familiarity or understanding gained through experience or study.all the information, facts, truths, and principles learned throughout time.clear awareness or explicit information, for example, of a situation or fact.general awareness or possession of information, facts, ideas, truths, or principles.a formal accusation of a crime brought by a prosecutor, as opposed to an indictment brought by a grand jury.computer data that has been organized and presented in a systematic fashion to clarify the underlying meaning.the communication of facts and knowledge.a telephone service that supplies telephone numbers to the public on request.the collected facts and data about a particular subject.definite knowledge acquired or supplied about something or somebody.information, for example, numbers, text, images, and sounds, in a form that is suitable for storage in or processing by a computer.information, often in the form of facts or figures obtained from experiments or surveys, used as a basis for making calculations or drawing conclusions.Developed for Microsoft by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Here are four definitions taken from Encarta® World English Dictionary © 1999 Microsoft Corporation. Thus, we are led to think about Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom as we explore the capabilities and limitations of IT systems Knowledge and experience blend to become wisdom-the power of applying these attributes critically or practically to make decisions. whether the plant species is increasing or decreasing in distribution and abundance over space and time). In turn, this information helps foster the quality of knowing (e.g. the distribution and abundance of the plant species at various points in space and time). However, drawing various data together within an appropriate context yields information that may be useful (e.g. the number of individual plants of a given species at a given location) do not by themselves inform the human mind. Individual bits or "bytes" of "raw" biological data (e.g. The following quotation is from the Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, a non-profit organization established in 1999. Essentially, it embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings. Yogesh Malhotra of the BRINT Institute: Knowledge Management caters to the critical issues of organizational adaption, survival and competence in face of increasingly discontinuous environmental change. However, some people also think of computers as knowledge processing machines and even explore what it might mean for a computer to have wisdom. People understand and accept the fact that computers are machines designed for the input, storage, processing, and output of data and information "Wisdom is not a product of schooling but of the lifelong attempt to acquire it."Ĭomputers are often called data processing machines or information processing machines. Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom OTEC Home Page Annotated Reference List
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